Three overlapping EU rules now apply to ships of 5,000 gross tonnage and above calling at EU ports. The MRV Regulation, (EU) 2015/757, requires monitoring and verified reporting of fuel and emissions. The EU ETS, extended to shipping from 2024, requires the shipping company to surrender allowances for those emissions, phased in over 2024 to 2026 and including methane and nitrous oxide from 2026. FuelEU Maritime, Regulation (EU) 2023/1805, has applied since 1 January 2025 and limits the well-to-wake greenhouse gas intensity of the energy a ship uses, tightening every five years.
All three draw on the same underlying data: fuel consumed by type, per voyage and per port stay, with emission factors. That data starts in noon reports, bunker delivery notes and tank soundings, which disagree more often than anyone would like. An error now costs allowances, or a FuelEU deficit, and has to be corrected before verification.