A chatbot that tries to handle a crisis is the wrong design, however good its responses. The system's job when it sees a sign of risk is not to help, reassure or assess. It is to stop, show the person where to get help now, and alert a human who can act. Everything else on this page follows from that.
Signs of risk are rarely phrased clearly. They arrive in passing, in a booking request, in a reply to a reminder, as a joke. So the screen runs on every message, before any other processing, and the threshold is set low on purpose. We accept a high rate of unnecessary handovers, because a missed one is not a cost to be balanced. It is a failure that stops the system.
The design applies anywhere automated systems meet people who may be vulnerable: therapy practices, student services, helplines' administrative channels, HR and employee-assistance tools. In the UK, schools and colleges add statutory safeguarding duties such as Keeping Children Safe in Education, which name a designated safeguarding lead; the system routes to that person, not around them.
Last reviewed 30 October 2026 · Engineering guidance, not legal, clinical or regulatory advice.