Classic QA checks in Xbench or the CAT tool are good at form: inconsistent repetitions, mismatched numbers, broken tags, double spaces. They cannot see meaning. A dropped “not”, a sentence that is fluent and says something else, a register wrong for the audience: those pass every rule and are precisely the errors that matter in a contract or a safety instruction.
Machine translation quality estimation fills that gap. Models trained on human quality judgements, and language models prompted with an error typology such as MQM, can flag segments likely to contain accuracy errors, and say what kind. Neither is reliable enough to sign off a translation, and both have blind spots by language pair. Used to order review rather than replace it, they move attention to where it is needed.